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1.
Rev. Psicol., Divers. Saúde ; 10(3): 496-506, 20210903.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1349276

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O Xamanismo está presente na humanidade desde o período Paleolítico, muitos recursos do campo psicológico dialogam implícita ou explicitamente com esta tradição: a hipnose, o efeito placebo, a interpretação dos sonhos, técnicas meditativas de visualização, relaxamento e dramatização, a catarse e o manejo de sentido e simbolismo nas doenças e eventos da vida são exemplos. OBJETIVO: Reconhecer a presença do xamanismo e seus saberes afins à psicologia, visibilizando suas contribuições na atualidade. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo teórico com base uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa. RESULTADOS: Procuramos reconhecer o xamanismo da psicologia partindo de uma crítica descolonial da história da psicologia e do xamanismo. Em seguida, destacamos algumas traduções epistemológicas que ajudam no reconhecimento do xamanismo na atualidade: a ideia de especialidade biológica; a noção de tecnologias do sagrado; bem como a incorporação da meditação e dos psicodélicos como inovação "psi". CONCLUSÃO: Apresentamos três importantes considerações: a validade do xamanismo pela ciência não deve ser baliza de seu mérito; a psicologia deve construir uma reflexividade ética para não atuar como colonizadora do xamanismo e, por fim, reconhecer o xamanismo da psicologia permite reconhecer o próprio campo no qual é agente.


INTRODUCTION: Shamanism has been present in humanity since the Paleolithic period. Many resources in the psychological field come from this tradition: hypnosis, the placebo effect, the interpretation of dreams, meditative techniques of visualization, relaxation and dramatization, catharsis, and the management of meaning and symbolism in diseases and life events are examples. OBJECTIVE: Recognize the presence of shamanism and its knowledge related to psychology, making its contributions and contributions visible today. METHOD: This is a theoretical study based on a narrative bibliographic review. RESULTS: We tried to recognize the shamanism of psychology based on a decolonial critique of the history of psychology and shamanism. Then, we highlight some epistemological translations that do not recognize shamanism today: the idea of biological specialty, a notion of technologies of the sacred, as well as the incorporation of meditation and psychedelics as a "psi" innovation. CONCLUSION: We present three important considerations: the validity of shamanism by science should not be a mark of merit; psychology must build ethical reflexivity in order not to act as a colonizer of shamanism; and, finally, recognizing the shamanism of psychology allows us to recognize the very field in which it is an agent.


Subject(s)
Shamanism , Psychology , Colonialism
2.
Saúde Soc ; 30(4): e170891, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341689

ABSTRACT

Resumen Entre la multitud de medicinas y terapias alternativas presentes en el mundo Occidental, el neochamanismo es una de las que, en la actualidad, ha despertado mayor interés y que se sitúa entre las nuevas formas espirituales y los procesos de patrimonialización fruto de la modernidad globalizada. En este artículo se muestra el proceso de reconfiguración de prácticas y conocimientos ancestrales, -etiquetados como chamánicos- y cómo éstos constituyen una respuesta adaptativa en la búsqueda de nuevos espacios vitales y de experiencias colectivas que den sentido a la existencia en el contexto occidental. Desde el caso español y tomando la Comunidad Valenciana como unidad de análisis, nos adentramos en el proceso de adaptación de distintas corrientes chamánicas que han llegado a nuestras tierras y en cómo, desde ellas, mostrando ejemplos concretos, se entiende la sanación como un proceso de recuperar la salud y el bienestar que incluye al ser humano en su totalidad, así como las relaciones que establece con los demás y con su entorno.


Abstract Amongst multitude of alternative medicines and therapies that are present in the western world, neo-shamanism is one that has awakened more interest and has been established between the new spiritual ways and the heritagisation of processes as a result of globalized modernity. In this article, we will show the process of reconfiguration of shamanic practices and knowledge and how they constitute an adaptive response in the search of new vital spaces and collective experiences that give meaning to existence in western context. From the Spanish case and using the Autonomous Community of Valencia as an analysis unit, we will go in depth into the adaptation process that different shamanic movements reaching our land have suffered and how one can understand healing as a process to regain health and wellbeing that includes the human being in entirety of bodies, as well as established relationships with others and with the environment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Complementary Therapies , Shamanism , Spirituality , Medicine, Traditional
3.
Rev. peru. med. integr ; 5(3): 118-123, 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | MTYCI, LILACS | ID: biblio-1179907

ABSTRACT

La ayahuasca es un brebaje psicotrópico con acción serotoninérgica. Las fuentes botánicas más comunes de la ayahuasca son la Banisteriopsiscaapi y la Psychotriaviridis, en la revisión bibliográfica se buscó conocer las propiedades bioquímicas, síntomas y signos que produce esta planta, asimismo, se reconocieron los efectos que produce al ser utilizada como brebaje por los chamanes de la Amazonía y su uso como medicamento homeopático. Con esta investigación se puede comparar, afirmar o negar las indicaciones empíricas que manejan los chamanes de nuestra región frente a los diferentes estudios científicos realizados por médicos, antropólogos y psicólogos y, de este modo dilucidar la utilidad de la planta en el campo de la homeopatía. Según Fericgla, JM, la ayahuasca es útil para inducir estados emocionales y espirituales de carácter curativo, introspectivo y terapéutico. Por otro lado, no se ha observado que su consumo genere adicción psicológica ni fisiológica, por lo que se puede afirmar que no representa ningún peligro para la salud pública. Palma D, manifiesta que la Di MetilTriptamina (DMT) es la principal responsable de los efectos psicoactivos del brebaje y que actúa en el timo y la glándula pineal.


Ayahuasca is a psychotropic potion with serotonergic action. The most common botanical sources of ayahuasca are Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, in the Bibliographic Review it was sought to know the Biochemical properties, Symptoms and signs that Ayahuasca produces Corroborating with the effects that it produces when is used as a potion by shamans from the Amazon and being dynamically prepared as a Homeopathic medicine. With this investigation it is possible to compare affirming or denying the empirical indications that the Shamans of our region handle with the different Scientific studies carried out by doctors, anthropologists and psychologists; and see what is the utility that is given in the field of Homeopathy. According to Fericgla. Josep María states that it is useful to induce emotional and spiritual states of a healing, introspective and therapeutic nature. On the other side, it has not been observed that the consumption of Ayahuasca generates psychological or physiological addiction, so it can be stated that it does not represent any danger to Public Health. According to Diego Palma, he states that Di Methyl Tryptamine (DMT) is primarily responsible for the psychoactive effects of the brew. Acting at the Thymus and Pineal Gland level


Subject(s)
Therapeutics , Banisteriopsis , Homeopathic Remedy , Public Health , Amazonian Ecosystem , Shamanism
4.
Salud colect ; 14(2): 341-354, jun. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-962421

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El creciente interés de los occidentales por la bebida psicotrópica ayahuasca y la participacion en rituales exóticos ha llevado en las últimas décadas a la multiplicación de los "centros chamánicos" en la Amazonía peruana. Entre estos, el centro Takiwasi es una comunidad terapéutica que acoge cada año a cientos de clientes nacionales y extranjeros. Esta institución, creada por un médico francés en 1992, fue originalmente destinada a proponer una alternativa terapéutica para el tratamiento de la adicción, y se caracterizaba por el uso de ciertas herramientas del chamanismo mestizo peruano articuladas con la biomedicina y la psicología clínica. La evolución diacrónica de la institución está, sin embargo, marcada por la creciente utilización de elementos de la tradición católica. Examino aquí la hipótesis de que estas transformaciones pueden ser interpretadas como los efectos de la globalización del uso de la ayahuasca y sus consecuencias jurídicas y políticas. De este modo, el caso de Takiwasi subraya el papel jugado por las tradiciones religiosas y el campo médico en la construcción, la legitimación y el mantenimiento de las prácticas nuevas e híbridas que se multiplican alrededor del uso de la ayahuasca.


ABSTRACT In recent decades, the growing interest of Westerners in the psychotropic brew ayahuasca and the participation in exotic rituals has led to the multiplication of "shamanic centers" in the Peruvian Amazon. Among these, Takiwasi is a therapeutic community that welcomes hundreds of national and foreign clients every year. This institution, created by a French physician in 1992, was originally intended to propose a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of addiction, characterized by the use of tools of Peruvian mestizo shamanism, biomedicine and clinical psychology. The diachronic evolution of the institution is however marked by the growing use of elements of the Catholic tradition. In this article, I will examine the hypothesis that these transformations can be interpreted as the effects of the globalization of the use of ayahuasca and its legal and political consequences. Thus, the case of Takiwasi underlines the role played by religious traditions and the medical field in the construction, legitimization and maintenance of new and hybrid practices that are multiplying around the use of ayahuasca.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychotropic Drugs , Beverages , Catholicism , Shamanism , Banisteriopsis , Peru
5.
Salud colect ; 13(3): 429-442, jul.-sep. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-903695

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN A través de la historia de un chamán maya yucateco (h-men), este artículo analiza los cambios y las continuidades en el chamanismo yucateco y, más específicamente, en una de sus funciones principales: tsak, "curar". Los resultados presentados aquí son parte de un trabajo de campo de 40 años, de 1976 a 2016. El autor vive en una comunidad del centro de Yucatán (Tabi, Sotuta) y ha realizado varias investigaciones sobre el chamanismo yucateco en comunidades de los estados de Yucatán, Campeche y Quintana Roo. Juan Cob, h-men de Yaxcabá, no es solo un informante sino también vecino, amigo del autor con el cual realizó varias películas


ABSTRACT Through the history of a Yucatecan Mayan shaman (h-men), this article analyzes the changes and continuities in Yucatecan shamanism and, more specifically, in one of its main functions: tsak, healing. The results presented here are part of fieldwork carried out over 40 years, from 1976 to 2016. The author lives in a community in central Yucatán (Tabi, Sotuta) and has carried out a number of research studies on Yucatecan shamanism in communities in the Mexican states of Yucatán, Campeche and Quintana Roo. Juan Cob, h-men of Yaxcabá, is not only an informant but also the author's friend and neighbor, with whom he has created a number of films


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Indians, Central American/history , Shamanism/history , Mexico
6.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 35(4): 142-144, dic. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1391670

ABSTRACT

La actividad chamánica se ha documentado en todas las sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras pasadas y presentes sin excepción. La función del chamán se caracteriza fundamentalmente por dominar la experiencia extática, un estado de trance donde el chamán cree lograr que su alma deja su cuerpo adquiriendo la capacidad de explorar el plano de los espíritus, lo cual desde su perspectiva constituye la base de su poder curativo y de dominio sobre las fuerzas de la naturaleza. La ciencia moderna ha propuesto explicaciones racionales con respecto a cuáles serían los fundamentos en los que se basan dos de las características centrales de la medicina chamánica: la generación del estado extático por parte del chamán y su poder curativo. Con respecto al estado extático, sería el desarrollo de un estado de percepción alterada propio de la mente humana propiciado por factores personales (enfermedades), ambientales (ambientes inhóspitos) o farmacológicos (agentes psicotrópicos) o de las tres clases, mientras que los efectos curativos del chamán podrían atribuirse a la eficacia simbólica de sus rituales. (AU)


Shamanic activity has been documented in all hunter-gatherer societies past and present without exception. The role of the shaman is primarily characterized by dominating the ecstatic experience, a trance where the shaman believes make his soul leaves his body acquiring the ability to explore the level of spirits, which in his view is the basis of his power healing and control over the forces of nature. Modern sciece has proposed rational explanations about what would be the foundations on which two of the central features of shamanic medicine are based: the generation of ecstatic state by the shaman and his potential healing power. With regard to the ecstatic state it would be the development of a state of altered perception itself of the human mind led by personal factors (diseases), environmental (inhospitable environments) and / or pharmacological (psychotropic agents); while the shaman healing effects could be attributed to the symbolic efficiency of rituals. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Shamanism
7.
Saude e pesqui. (Impr.) ; 8(3): [423-430], set-dez 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-831966

ABSTRACT

O chá de Ayahuasca é empregado no xamanismo, na terapia antidrogas e indevidamente em recreações alucinógenas. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o fígado, tanto histológica como bioquimicamente, por se tratar do órgão responsável pela metabolização desse chá. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar (n=24), machos, adultos, divididos em dois grupos (controle e tratado). Foi administrada uma dose diária quatro vezes superior à utilizada no contexto religioso, por quatro dias consecutivos. Não houve alteração morfológica pela análise qualitativa, porém, na análise quantitativa do grupo tratado ocorreu redução do volume do hepatócito e de seu núcleo. Na análise bioquímica observou-se uma redução da Gama-Glutamil-Transferase e da Fosfatase Alcalina. De acordo com a dose e o tempo de exposição não foram encontradas alterações morfológicas nesse estudo. O estudo morfométrico mostrou alterações significativas no volume do hepatócito e de seu núcleo, onde ocorreu diminuição do volume do grupo tratado em relação ao grupo controle. Observou-se uma redução estatisticamente significativa nos parâmetros da Gama-Glutamil-Transferase e Fosfatase Alcalina. Nesse experimento foi observada uma redução do volume dos hepatócitos, sem ocorrer, entretanto, alterações na função e na estrutura hepática.


Ayahuasca tea is employed in Xamanism, in anti-drug therapy and illicitly in hallucinogenic recreations. Current study assesses the liver histologically and biochemically since it is an organ involved in the metabolism of the tea. Twenty-four male adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups (control and treated). A daily dose four times higher than that used within a religious context was given, during four consecutive days. There was no qualitative morphological change but a reduction of hepatocyte volume and its nucleus occurred when the quantitative analysis of the treated group was performed. Biochemical analysis showed a decrease in gamma-glutamyltransferasis and Alkaline Phosphatase. There were no morphological alterations for dose and exposure time in current study. Morphometric analysis showed significant alterations in hepatocyte volume and its nucleus where a decrease in volume of the treated group occurred when compared to that of control. A significant statistical decrease was detected in the gamma-glutamyl-transferasis and alkaline phosphatase parameters. Current analysis also detected a decrease in hepatocyte volume without alterations in hepatic functions and structure.


Subject(s)
Rats , Biochemistry , Shamanism , Hepatocytes , Banisteriopsis , Hallucinogens , Liver
8.
Cad. saúde pública ; 31(10): 2148-2156, Out. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-770600

ABSTRACT

Resumo A proposta deste trabalho é discutir como o povo indígena Sanumá, subgrupo da família linguística Yanomami, localizado no norte do Estado de Roraima, Brasil, atua e se relaciona com a política pública de atenção à saúde indígena. Missionários, funcionários de organizações não governamentais e do Estado brasileiro são os agentes com quem os Sanumá tiveram que lidar ao longo da implementação de uma política de atenção à saúde. A etnografia da trajetória dessa inter-relação, permeada por momentos de surtos epidêmicos, conflitos e tentativas de trabalho em conjunto, levanta questões acerca da implementação de serviços de saúde em áreas indígenas.


Abstract The purpose of this study is to discuss how the Sanumá indigenous people, a subgroup of the Yanomami linguistic family, located in northern Roraima State, Brazil, interacts with and relates to the public policy for indigenous people’s health. Missionaries and Brazilian government and non-governmental organization employees are the agents with whom the Sanumá had to deal during the implementation of a healthcare policy. The ethnography of this interrelationship, permeated by moments of epidemic outbreaks, clashes, and attempts at collaboration, raises questions on the implementation of health services in indigenous territories.


Resumen El propósito de este trabajo es discutir cómo los indígenas Sanuma, subgrupo de la familia lingüística Yanomami, ubicados en el norteño Estado de Roraima, Brasil, actúan y se relacionan con la política pública de atención a la salud indígena. Misioneros, empleados de organizaciones no gubernamentales y el gobierno brasileño son los agentes con los que el Sanuma tuvieron que lidiar durante toda la ejecución de una política de atención a la salud. La etnografía de la trayectoria de esta interrelación, permeada por momentos de epidemias, conflictos e intentos de trabajar juntos, plantea preguntas acerca de la implementación de los servicios de salud en las zonas indígenas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Policy , Health Services, Indigenous , Anthropology, Cultural , Brazil , Indians, South American , Public Policy , Shamanism
9.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 32(3): 492-498, jul.-sep. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS, INS-PERU | ID: lil-790735

ABSTRACT

Describir la diversidad de terapeutas tradicionales, sus vínculos con el sistema de salud oficial y los cambios en sus recursos terapéuticos, en dos comunidades rurales de los andes en Churcampa, región de Huancavelica, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cualitativo en el que se combinan tres técnicas etnográficas: entrevistas en profundidad, observaciones y acompañamientos a terapeutas tradicionales y personal de salud. Resultados. Se identificaron 58 terapeutas, clasificados como curanderos, parteros y hueseros. La mayoría de terapeutas entrevistados aprendió su labor siendo joven y muy pocos tuvieron un maestro o mentor. La gran mayoría señaló tener reparos para vincularse con los establecimientos de salud más allá de las referencias. No había un trabajo articulado entre personal de salud y terapeutas tradicionales. Sin embargo, cuando sucedía, el personal de salud prefería a aquellos terapeutas que tuvieran la disposición para adecuarse a las necesidades de los servicios de salud. Se encontró que buena parte de los terapeutas estaban cambiando sus prácticas debido a la influencia de las iglesias evangélicas. Ningún terapeuta contaba con discípulos para transmitir sus conocimientos y prácticas. Conclusiones. Existe una gran diversidad de terapeutas tradicionales. Esta diversidad viene disminuyendo, entre otros factores, por el avance de las iglesias evangélicas. Los terapeutas tradicionales refieren a algunos pacientes al establecimiento de salud; mientras que el personal de salud establece relaciones jerárquicas de trabajo con los terapeutas. Se requiere trabajar estas actitudes del personal de salud pues la base de un enfoque intercultural es el trabajo articulado y horizontal entre ambos sistemas...


Describe the diversity of traditional healers, their links with the formal health system and changes in their therapeutic resources in two rural Andean communities in Churcampa, in the region of Huancavelica, Peru. Materials and methods. Qualitative study which combined three ethnographic techniques: in depth interviews, observations and accompaniments to traditional healers and health care personnel. Results. 58 traditional healers, classified as healers, midwives and bonesetters were identified. Most healers interviewed learned their work while young and few had a teacher or mentor. The vast majority have objections to linking with health care facilities beyond referrals. There was no coordinated work among health personnel and traditional healers. However, when it happened, health personnel preferred those healers who have the willingness to adapt to the needs of the health services. We found that most of the healers were changing their practices due to the influence of evangelical churches. No healer had disciples to transmit their knowledge and practices. Conclusions. There is great diversity of traditional healers. This diversity is decreasing, among other factors, by the advance of the evangelical churches. Traditional healers refer some patients to the health facility; while health personnel establish hierarchical working relationships with the healers. It is necessary to work on these attitudes of the health care personnel, since the basis of an intercultural approach is to have coordinated and horizontal working relationships between both systems...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anthropology, Cultural , Shamanism , Medicine, Traditional , Peru
10.
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association ; : 142-171, 2015.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-83788

ABSTRACT

Eighty-three of 114 original articles and abstracts of research published by neuropsychiatrists of Chosun Chongdokbu Hospital (the Japanese colonial government hospital in Korea) and Keijo (Seoul) Imperial University Hospital during the Japanese colonial period (1910-1945) in journals including Shinkeigaku-zassi (Neurologia), Seishin-shinkei-gaku zassi (Psychiatria Et Neurologia Japonica), and The Journal of Chosun (Korea) Medical Association were reviewed. Most articles were on clinical research based on descriptive and biological psychiatry while only 4 articles were on dynamic psychiatry, probably because Japanese pioneers in psychiatry had introduced German psychiatry into Japan during the 1880s. The first paper was written by Dr. Shim Ho-sub. Professor Kubo of Keijo (Seoul) Imperial University published most articles, followed by Dr. Hikari, Dr. Hattori, and Dr. Sugihara. There were more articles on symptomatic psychosis and morphine addiction, followed by general paralysis, schizophrenia, neurological diseases, narcolepsy, epilepsy, and neurasthenia. The meaningful articles even for today were comparative studies between Japanese and Koreans and articles on opioid use disorder in Korea. Authors reported a markedly lower rate of psychotic inpatients in the population of Koreans compared with Japanese. Japanese researchers argued that, because of simpleness in social life in Korea and less violence or excitement in symptoms, Korean mental patients could be cared for by family or members of the community, or be treated by shamanism rather than bringing them to a public mental hospital, and poverty also prohibited hospital care. Finding of higher ratio of schizophrenia to manic-depressive psychosis among Koreans than Japanese was discussed in relation to delayed cultural development of Korea compared to Japan. In addition, traditional customs prohibiting marriage between relatives in Korea was related to low prevalence of manic-depressive psychosis, local endemic malaria was related to low prevalence of general paresis, and poor general hygiene was related to high prevalence of epilepsy. Unclear (undifferentiated) form of psychotic symptoms including hallucination and delusion was reported in more Koreans than Japanese. Also Korean patients showed a more atypical form in diagnosis. Authors added that they had found no culture-specific mental illness in Korea. However, no Korean psychiatrists were included as author in such comparative studies. Comparative studies on constitution between Koreans and Japanese mental patients and prisoners were also unique. However, no Korean psychiatrists participated in such comparative studies. In studies on morphine addiction in Koreans, Japanese researchers argued that such studies were necessary to prevent introduction of morphine-related criminal phenomena to Japan. Meanwhile, Dr. Kubo had left a notion on adaptation problems of Japanese living in the foreign country, Korea. Nevertheless he reported nothing about psychosocial aspects of mental illness in relation to political, cultural, and economic difficulties Koreans were experiencing under the colonial rule of Japan. These general trends of studies based on German biological and descriptive psychiatry and policies of colonial government to isolate "dangerous" mental patients in hospital appeared to reflect colonial or ethnopsychiatry of those days. These policy and research trends seem to have worsened stigma attached to mental disorders. Japanese tradition of psychiatric research was discontinued by return home of Japanese scholars with the end of WWII and colonial rule.


Subject(s)
Humans , Asian People , Biological Psychiatry , Bipolar Disorder , Constitution and Bylaws , Criminals , Delusions , Diagnosis , Epilepsy , Ethnopsychology , Hallucinations , Hospitals, Psychiatric , Hygiene , Inpatients , Japan , Korea , Malaria , Marriage , Mental Disorders , Mentally Ill Persons , Morphine Dependence , Narcolepsy , Neurasthenia , Neuropsychiatry , Neurosyphilis , Poverty , Prevalence , Prisoners , Prisons , Psychiatry , Psychotic Disorders , Schizophrenia , Shamanism , Violence
11.
Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care ; : 155-165, 2013.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-30362

ABSTRACT

Koreans' traditional view on death has been much influenced by Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and shamanism since ancient times. Confucianism emphasizes the importance of the real life in this world and highly praises doing good deeds for the family and the community. It also praises people who are enlightened by education and self-discipline. Confucian scholars admit that death cannot be understood by rational thinking although it is unavoidable as a cosmic order. Taoism sees life as the same entity as death; Both are two different aspects of the same cosmos or the wholeness. However, the disciples of Taoism became much interested in a long life and well being that may be achieved by harmonizing with the cosmic order. Buddhism thinks that death and life are an "illusion". It says that people can be enlightened by recognizing the fact that "Nothing is born and nothing is dying in this world. Everything is the product of your mind occupied with false belief." However, secular Buddhists believe in the afterlife and metempsychosis of the soul. This belief is sometimes connected with the view of the traditional shamanism. Shamanism dichotomizes the world between "this world" and "that world". After death, the person's soul travels to "that world", where it may influence life of people who reside in "this world". And shamans who are spiritual beings living in "this world" mediate souls and living people. In conclusion, there are various views and beliefs regarding death, which are influenced by a number of religions and philosophies. They should be seriously considered when making a medical decision regarding the end of patients' life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Buddhism , Confucianism , Philosophy , Religious Philosophies , Republic of Korea , Shamanism , Thinking
12.
Acta méd. peru ; 29(2): 121-127, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-658530

ABSTRACT

La génesis de la Medicina en la América Prehispánica puede aún verse reflejada en la cosmovisión mágico religiosa que en la actualidad los pueblos originarios, que poblaron esta tierra y han subsistido, mantienen sobre el fenómeno de la enfermedad y en sus costumbres terapéuticas. El pensamiento mágico û religioso en la salud y la forma de afrontar la enfermedad se caracterizaron por ser ampliamente difundidos en todas las culturas del norte, centro y sur de América.


The origins of medicine in pre-Hispanic South America are still evident in the magic and religious cosmic vision that influences the beliefs of many native South American with respect to health and disease and their therapy approaches. This magical-religious approach for health and disease has been widely spread in North, Central and South America cultures.


Subject(s)
Americas , Anthropology , Shamanism , Witchcraft , History of Medicine , Religion and Medicine , Central America , North America , South America , Medicine
13.
Rio de Janeiro; Fiocruz; 2012. 322 p. ilus, tab, graf.(Antropologia e saúde).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-670080

ABSTRACT

Em situação de doença ou sofrimento, muitas pessoas buscam uma religião. Não é diferente nas religiões ayahuasqueiras, cujos rituais são conhecidos por utilizar uma bebida à base de Ayahuasca, uma substância psicoativa. O Santo Daime é a mais conhecida dessas religiões, mas existem outras, como a União do Vegetal e a Barquinha – esta última restrita ao Acre. Pessoas em tratamento de saúde com Ayahuasca vivenciam e relatam mirações após o consumo da bebida, cuja eficácia – seja simbólica, seja física – tem sido bastante discutida. Entender o papel dessas mirações, mas ultrapassando o tradicional debate sobre a ação da substância: esta é a proposta do livro. O autor estudou um centro ligado ao sistema religioso da Barquinha. O diferencial dessa pesquisa é que ela compreende as mirações a partir do diálogo entre múltiplos saberes, como antropologia, psicologia, filosofia da mente, estudos da consciência, química, neurofisiologia e espiritualidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health-Disease Process , Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use , Religion and Medicine , Spiritual Therapies , Anthropology , Shamanism , Spirituality
15.
Subj. procesos cogn ; 14(1): 41-54, 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-559371

ABSTRACT

Se comentan los resultados del análisis de una sesión de clarividencia protagonizada por el médium Gordon Smith con Greta y Andrew, padres de un joven fallecido en un accidente (el videodocumental fue presentado en “Mediums, the New Therapists” programa emitido por la señal del canal Infinito). Este material es parte de una investigación en curso, respecto de las intervenciones de médiums durante sesiones de videncia con consultantes que padecen un estado de duelo prolongado por la muerte de una persona querida. Se analizan las intervenciones del médium, a partir de los actos del habla verbales (escenas desplegadas), así como los componentes paraverbales y la motricidad durante los episodios de mediumnidad. Se discuten los resultados obtenidos y se los compara con los resultados de una investigación que estudia las intervenciones de terapeutas (de orientación psicoanalítica) durante la primera sesión. El método de investigación en ambas investigaciones es el ADL. Se analizan las características del vínculo del consultante con el médium/chamán, así como el lugar de poder con el que el brujo o vidente es investido por aquel y por la comunidad a la que ambos pertenecen, poder a partir del cual ejerce con eficacia su función sanadora.


Subject(s)
Shamanism , Speech , Grief , Psychology
16.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 16(2): 325-344, abr.-jun. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-517196

ABSTRACT

Analisa papel de agentes de cura exercido pelos praticantes de magia e feitiçaria na sociedade mato-grossense do século XVIII. Observa que magia e feitiçaria foram desenvolvidas como concorrentes, alternativas ou associadas a outras formas de cura (oficiais e leigas). Aponta que tais papéis contribuíram no processo de sujeição de seus praticantes, em especial africanos, indígenas e seus descendentes, e foram apropriados como oportunidade de sobrevivência na sociedade colonial escravista. A visita pastoral realizada por Bruno Pinna em 1785 a Cuiabá e adjacências serviu como fonte principal para o conhecimento das práticas e dos praticantes de magia e feitiçaria.


The article analyzes the role of healing agents played by practitioners of magic and witchcraft in Mato Grosso society during the 17th century. It observes that magic and witchcraft were developed as competitors, alternatives or associated with other forms of healing (official and lay). It points out how such roles contributed to the process of subjugating its practitioners, especially Africans, Indians and their descendents, and were appropriated as an opportunity for survival in the colonial slave society. The pastoral visit made by Bruno Pinna in 1785 to Cuiabá and nearby areas served as the principal source of knowledge regarding the practices and practitioners of magic and witchcraft.


Subject(s)
History, 17th Century , Humans , Magic/history , Medicine, Traditional/history , Witchcraft/history , Brazil , Shamanism/history
17.
Belém; EDUFPA; 2008. 320 p. ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-541298

ABSTRACT

O livro refaz as duas mais importantes genealogias de estudos sobre as religiões afro-amazônicas: A primeira dedicada aos estudos da pajelança indígena e cabocla, desde José Veríssimo, na década de 1870, até a obra de Eduardo Galvão, na década de 1950; A segunda, dedicada aos estudos sobre as religiões de matriz africana (em especial a chamada Mina do Pará) com os estudos pioneiros de Mário de Andrade e Oneyda Alvarenga, entre os anos de 1920 e 1950, até as obras de Vicente Salles, Napoleão Figueiredo e Anaíza Vergolino, nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. A publicação é ao mesmo tempo um estudo de história cultural das práticas religiosas na Amazônia e um exercício aprofundado de leitura das mais eminentes gerações de intelectuais que estudaram essa temática ao longo dos últimos 150 anos.


Subject(s)
Anthropology , Amazonian Ecosystem/ethnology , Amazonian Ecosystem/history , Folklore , Indians, South American/history , Medicine, Traditional/history , Religion/history , Shamanism/history , Brazil
18.
Brasília; Funasa; 2007. 184 p.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-526683

ABSTRACT

A Área de Medicina Tradicional Indígena (AMTI) integra o Subcomponente II – Ações Inovadoras em Saúde Indígena, do Projeto Vigisus II, Fundação Nacional de Saúde (Funasa). Seus objetivos são: 1) desenvolver estratégias para a articulação entre os sistemas médicos indígenas e o sistema oficial de saúde; 2) contribuir para a valorização, fortalecimento, manutenção e atualização dos saberes e práticas tradicionais de cuidado com a saúde; 3) produzir conhecimentos que subsidiem a construção de políticas públicas voltadas para as medicinas tradicionais indígenas; 4) colaborar consolidando a atenção diferenciada à saúde indígena. Estes objetivos estão em consonância com a Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde Indígena (PNASI), na medida em que ela prevê a articulação entre o sistema de saúde oficial e os sistemas médicos tradicionais indígenas como forma de melhorar do estado de saúde dos povos indígenas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Indians, South American , Medicine, Traditional , Plants, Medicinal , Brazil , Congress , Indigenous Peoples , Intellectual Property of Pharmaceutic Products and Process , National Drug Policy , Parturition , Public Policy , Shamanism , Health of Indigenous Peoples
19.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 34(supl.1): 17-24, 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-465544

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO: o autor descreve os xamãs como curadores que deliberadamente modificam seu padrão fenomenológico de atenção, percepção, cognição e consciência para obter informações não disponíveis ordinariamente aos membros do grupo social que lhes concedeu status privilegiado. OBJETIVOS: descrever como estas alterações fenomenológicas foram alcançadas e utilizadas. MÉTODOS: foram utilizados estudos da literatura xamânica em arquivo e pesquisas de campo em comunidades onde xamãs estão atuando ativamente. RESULTADOS: a fonte das informações obtidas pelos xamãs é atribuída a forças e entidades desencarnadas, como espíritos, ancestrais, guias animais e campos energéticos. Essas fontes foram contatadas através de toques ritualizados de tambores, danças, sonhos lúcidos, uso de plantas psicotrópicas, atenção focalizada e outros recursos. Este estudo foi importante, pois mostrou que os xamãs utilizam as informações obtidas para atender às necessidades sociais, psicológicas e médicas de suas comunidades. CONCLUSÕES: o disseminado aparecimento dos xamãs, especialmente em tribos caçadoras e coletoras, indica que suas presenças possuem funções adaptativas em um grupo social. Além disso, estes dados podem trazer importantes contribuições para a neurociência cognitiva, psicologia social, psicoterapia e psicologia ecológica.


BACKGROUND: the author describes shamans as practitioners who deliberately shift their phenomenological pattern of attention, perception, cognition, and awareness in order to obtain information not ordinarily available to members of the social group that granted them privileged status. OBJECTIVES: to describe how these phenomenological shifts were accomplished and used. METHODS: archival studies of shamanic literature as well as field research in communities where shamans are actively functioning. RESULTS: the source of shaman-derived information is attributed to such discarnate entities and forces as spirits, ancestors, animal guides, and energetic fields. These agencies were contacted through ritualized drumming, dancing, lucid dreaming, the use of psychotropic plants, focused attention, and other technologies. This study was important because it determined that shamans utilize the obtained information to attend to their communitys social, psychological, and medical needs. CONCLUSIONS: the ubiquitous appearance of shamans, especially in hunting and gathering tribes, indicates that their presence in a social group served adaptive functions. Further, these data can make important contributions to cognitive neuroscience, social psychology, psychotherapy, and ecological psychology.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Faith Healing/psychology , Shamanism , Cognition , Faith Healing/history , Psychology, Social
20.
Psyche (Säo Paulo) ; 10(19): 47-64, set.-dez. 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-509143

ABSTRACT

O artigo refere-se ao desenvolvimento de pesquisa sobre crenças, concepções de doença e tratamento entre populações indígenas da Amazônia. São descritos trechos de viagem à região de selva entre Brasil e Venezuela. Correlaciona conceitos provenientes da Psicanálise (inconsciente, cisão, identificação projetiva, projeção de partes da personalidade, bom e mau objeto) com outros derivados da Antropologia. Apresenta três situações clínicas: sessão de cura de dores nas costas conduzida por um pajé Tukâno; ação terapêutica realizada por um pajé Wanâna ao tratar do joelho de seu paciente; cerimônia de Hekuramou, “contatos com os espíritos”, entre indígenas Ianomâmi. Busca validar os rituais de cura como elementos culturais significativos e ressaltar importância da manutenção dessas tradições como elementos estruturantes de identidade individual e étnica.


Subject(s)
Anthropology , Ceremonial Behavior , Indians, South American/psychology , Shamanism
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